Veeam Backup And Replication 6 / 7 / 8 Privilege Escalation
Posted on 10 October 2015
Veeam Backup & Replication Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability Name Sensitive Data Exposure in Veem Backup Systems Affected Veeam Backup & Replication (B&R) v6, v6.5, v7, v8 Severity High 7.9/10 Impact CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L Vendor http://www.veeam.com/ Advisory http://www.ush.it/team/ush/hack-veeam_6_7_8/veeam.txt Authors Pasquale "sid" Fiorillo (sid AT ush DOT it) Francesco "ascii" Ongaro (ascii AT ush DOT it) Antonio "s4tan" Parata (s4tan AT ush DOT it) Date 20151002 I. BACKGROUND Veeam Software provides backup, disaster recovery and virtualization management software for the VMware and Hyper-V environments. In 2012 Veeam gained more than 1200 employees worldwide, from 10 employees in 2008. It has more than 157'000 customers, 33'000 partners and 80 top industry awards and claims to be the "#1 VM Backup" solution after it gained traction against competitors like Backup Exec and Tivoli Storage Manager. Veeam Backup & Replication is the foundation of many Veeam products, like Veeam Availability Suite and Veeam One. ISGroup is an Italian Information Security boutique, we found this 0day issue while performing a Penetration Test for a customer, you can discover more about ISGroup by visiting http://www.isgroup.biz/. Responsible disclosure with Veeam: Veeam has no public security@ contact and we worked with them through the ticket system opening a case using one of our customer's assistance contract. We were unable to escape from the sternness of this type of communication and move to PGP emails. Their response anyway was pretty prompt, we spoke first with Denis Bodnar and then escalate to Fred Bozhanov, Veeam Support Management. He managed communication with the developers. We advise Veeam to give some of their senior developers a "security team" mandate and to expose such team to external, direct, communication. The people we spoke to did their best and were extremely kind but they must be supported by a corporate process. Prior vulnerabilities in Veeam: It's very difficult to say if Veeam had previous vulnerabilities, there are no CVE assigned to this vendor both on Nist and to it's CPE (cpe:/:veeam). Information to customers of the vulnerability is shown in the "other" section of the changelog: "Removed weakly encrypted username and password logging from guest processing components using networkless (VIX) guest interaction mode. Veeam thanks Pasquale Fiorillo and Francesco Ongaro of ISGroup for vulnerability discovery.". The latest version of the software at the time of writing can be obtained from: http://www.veeam.com/kb2068 http://forums.veeam.com/veeam-backup-replication-f2/8-0-common-issues-and-fixes-t24157.html#p130849 http://www.veeam.com/vmware-esx-backup.html II. DESCRIPTION The vulnerability allows a local Windows user, even with low privileges as the ones provided to an anonymous IIS's virtualhost user, to access Veeam Backup logfiles that include a double-base64 encoded version of the password used by Veeam to run. The affected component is VeeamVixProxy, created by default on installation and the user must be a privileged Local Administrator or a Domain Administrator. For example the wizard for adding a VMware or Hyper-V Backup Proxy explicitly state "Type in an account with local administrator privileges on the server you are adding. Use DOMAINUSER format for domain accounts, or HOSTUSER for local accounts.". We conservatively refer to this issue as a Local Administrator Privilege Escalation but the use of Domain Administrator accounts is not discouraged, if not advised, and we saw this pattern in our customer̢۪s production infrastructures. TLDR: Anything able to read VeeamVixProxy logfiles, world readable by default, can escalate to Local or Domain Administrator. III. ANALYSIS Veeam Backup & Replication (B&R) v6, v6.5, v7, v8 store VeeamVixProxy logfiles in a directory accessible by Everyone and with permissions that make them readable by Everyone (Everyone is, in the Microsoft Windows terminology, the equivalent of the Unix̢۪s nobody user). Such logs, that are continuously generated, contain a Local or Domain Administration user and password in an easily reversible (obfuscated) format. In versions of Veeam prior to 8 a bug prevented log rotation [3,4], on older systems there could be a large amount of logs and thus an extensive history of past and current Local or Domain Administrator credentials. A) Logfiles readable by Everyone As shown in http://www.veeam.com/kb1789 the default log path is Windows Server 2003: %allusersprofile%Application DataVeeamBackup Windows Server 2008 and up: %programdata%VeeamBackup Our evidence is for Windows Server 2003, access to the needed files are guaranteed to the Windows group "Everyone" so any local user, even the ones used to map IIS sites, can access them. This pose all the information contained in the logfiles at risk and is a violation of the principle of least privilege. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_privilege B) Double encoded password in Logfiles The install/execution username and password is stored double-base64 encoded in Veeam Backup "VeeamVixProxy" logfiles. Such files exists in "VeeamBackup" with a name scheme as follows: VeeamVixProxy_%dd%mm%yyyy.log eg: VeeamVixProxy_16072015.log The password is present in multiple points of the log-file and the files are generated contentiously. In this scenario, a Local File Read vulnerability could lead to full system compromise given the fact that an attacker can re-use such credentials by RDP or RPC (eg: psexec). The log format leaking the credentials is: <date> <time> <number> Blob Data: <base64> eg: 01/07/2015 1.33.42 3936 Blob Data: IwAAAAoAAABWAGUAZQBhAG0AVQBzAGUAcgAQAAAAVQAyAFYAagBjAG0AVgAwAA The "<base64>" of interest has the following format: echo 'IwAAAAoAAABWAGUAZQBhAG0AVQBzAGUAcgAQAAAAVQAyAFYAagBjAG0AVgAwAA' | base64 -d | hexdump -C 00000000 23 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 56 00 65 00 65 00 61 00 |#.......V.e.e.a.| 00000010 6d 00 55 00 73 00 65 00 72 00 10 00 00 00 55 00 |m.U.s.e.r.....U.| 00000020 32 00 56 00 6a 00 63 00 6d 00 56 00 30 00 |2.V.j.c.m.V.0. | First byte is x23 (#), followed by a NULL and a newline (x0a), followed by a NULL. Next bytes specify the username, followed by a DLE (data link escape) and a NULL. Everything in the first base64 container is in UTF16. echo -n "isgroup" | iconv -t UTF-16LE | hexdump -C What follows is the most interesting part, a base64 representation of the password. echo -en "U2VjcmV0" | base64 -d Secret Since the VeeamVixProxy files are continuously written the leak will occur even if administrators delete them. An official fix from Veeam is needed in order to fully resolve the vulnerability. This vulnerability is especially dangerous when the "VeeamAdmin" (or whenever you called it) is also a Domain Administration user. IV. WORKAROUND Update: on 8 October 2015 Veeam B&R 8.0 Update 3 has been released and the vendor states it fixes the vulnerability. You are strongly advised to update to the latest version. We did not investigate but will update you on ush.it if needed. Follow this steps to mitigate the issue meanwhile an official patch is released: If you are on Windows 2003 environment fix the permission on "%alluserprofile%Application DataVeeamBackup" path so that only "Administrators" group can read it. If you are on Windows 2008 environment fix the permission on "%programdata%VeeamBackup" so that only "Administrators" group can read it. Create a scheduled task to delete this logfiles from disk. VI. VENDOR RESPONSE Vendor released Update 3 of Veeam B&R 8.0 that contains the proper security patch. At the time of this writing an official patch is currently available. VII. CVE INFORMATION Mitre assigned the CVE-2015-5742 for this vulnerability, internally to Veeam it's referred as Case #00984117. VIII. DISCLOSURE TIMELINE 20150723 Bug discovered 20150724 Vulnerability disclosed to ISGroup's Partners 20150805 Request for CVE to Mitre 20150805 Got CVE-2015-5742 from cve-assign (fast!) 20150806 Details disclosure to Support/Denis Bodnar and CVE 20150806 Escalation to Fred Bozhanov (fast!) will fix in Veeam B&R v8 20150818 Veeam closes the ticket 20150923 ISGroup asks for updates, no release date from vendor 20150923 We extend the disclosure date as 30 Sept will not be met 20151008 Veeam releases Update 3 for Version 8.0 20151008 Advisory disclosed to the public IX. REFERENCES [1] Top 10 2013-A6-Sensitive Data Exposure https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2013-A6-Sensitive_Data_Exposure [2] Access Control Cheat Sheet https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Access_Control_Cheat_Sheet [3] http://forums.veeam.com/veeam-backup-replication-f2/veeamvix proxy-log-t20579.html User reporting 5.5 GB of VeeamVixProxy_date.log files [4] http://forums.veeam.com/veeam-backup-replication-f2/feature-req uest-t28404.html User reporting 7 GB of VeeamVixProxy logs on 7.0.0.839 [4] http://www.veeam.com/kb1825 How to Change the settings related to Veeam Backup & Replication Log Files [5] http://www.veeam.com/kb1789 How to locate and collect VSS/VIX log files from Guest OS Want to access this document in HTML? http://www.ush.it/2015/10/08/veeam-backup-replication-6-7-8-local-privilege-escalation-vulnerability/ X. CREDIT Pasquale "sid" Fiorillo, Francesco "ascii" Ongaro and Antonio "s4tan" Parata are credited with the discovery of this vulnerability. Pasquale "sid" Fiorillo web site: http://www.ush.it/ mail: sid AT ush DOT it Francesco "ascii" Ongaro web site: http://www.ush.it/ mail: ascii AT ush DOT it Antonio "s4tan" Parata web site: http://www.ush.it/ mail: s4tan AT ush DOT it XI. LEGAL NOTICES Copyright (c) 2015 Francesco "ascii" Ongaro Permission is granted for the redistribution of this alert electronically. It may not be edited in any way without mine express written consent. If you wish to reprint the whole or any part of this alert in any other medium other than electronically, please email me for permission. Disclaimer: The information in the advisory is believed to be accurate at the time of publishing based on currently available information. Use of the information constitutes acceptance for use in an AS IS condition. There are no warranties with regard to this information. Neither the author nor the publisher accepts any liability for any direct, indirect, or consequential loss or damage arising from use of, or reliance on, this information.
